In the early days of modern coaching (early 1980s) the focus was on "take actions to get results." By the early 90's the approach expanded to include the strategy of "increase your range of competencies and you'll get better results." By the early 2000's the coaching approach expanded to include the notion of "crafting environments in order to accelerate the outcomes."
All three approaches can be effective. Well-trained coaches are facile with all three approaches
Some coaches may not deliver the coaching 'live'. Given the advancement of software and computers, situational solutions crafted by the coach (and perhaps a network of coaches) can be accessible to clients who can self-serve many of their coaching needs and who will turn to the coach "live" only when they need specialized attention. However, LEVEL IV currently provides all of its coaching live, e.g. face to face, via videoconference, or by phone.